Beyond the Disease Label: Understanding Autism as a 'Difference'

{Dreamers Creation Research Contest Entry}

By: Aalima Shabeeb

Topic: Evaluate whether Autism is a disease or not. Date:1 August 2023

Beyond the Disease Label: Understanding Autism as a 'Difference'

ABSTRACT

This research paper aims to evaluate the classification of autism as a disease by exploring the perspectives of various stakeholders, including individuals with autism, researchers, and medical professionals. By examining the characteristics, causes, and societal implications of autism, this paper argues that autism should be understood as a neurological difference rather than a disease. The paper concludes that adopting a more inclusive and accepting approach towards autism can lead to better support and opportunities for individuals on the autism spectrum.

INTRODUCTION

Autism, a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors, has traditionally been classified as a disease. However, there is a growing movement that challenges this classification, advocating for a shift in perspective towards understanding autism as a difference rather than a pathology. This paper aims to critically evaluate the disease label attributed to autism by examining the characteristics, causes, and societal implications associated with the condition.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTISM

Autism is characterized by a wide range of behaviors and abilities, making it a heterogeneous condition. While individuals with autism may face challenges in certain areas, they often possess unique strengths and talents. The diversity within the autism spectrum challenges the notion of autism as a disease, as it highlights the individuality and variation among those on the spectrum.'

CAUSES OF AUTISM

The etiology of autism remains complex and multifactorial. While genetic factors play a significant role, environmental influences and epigenetic factors also contribute to the development of autism. The absence of a clear disease-causing agent further supports the argument that autism should be viewed as a difference rather than a disease.

SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS

The disease label attached to autism has led to stigmatization and discrimination against individuals on the spectrum. By framing autism as a difference, society can shift towards a more inclusive and accepting approach. This change in perspective can promote the development of supportive environments, educational opportunities, and employment options that cater to the unique needs and strengths of individuals with autism.

PERSPECTIVES OF STAKEHOLDERS

The perspectives of individuals with autism, researchers, and medical professionals are crucial in understanding the classification of autism. Many individuals on the spectrum reject the disease label, emphasizing the importance of acceptance and accommodation. Researchers and medical professionals are increasingly recognizing the limitations of the disease model and advocating for a more inclusive understanding of autism.

CONCLUSION

This research paper has evaluated the classification of autism as a disease and argued for a shift towards understanding autism as a difference. By examining the characteristics, causes, and societal implications of autism, it becomes evident that the disease label does not adequately capture the complexity and diversity of the condition. Embracing autism as a difference can led to a more inclusive society that values the unique strengths and perspectives of individuals on the autism spectrum.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

2. Happé, F., & Ronald, A. (2008). The 'fractionable autism triad': A review of evidence from behavioural, genetic, cognitive and neural research. Neuropsychology Review, 18(4), 287-304.

3. Kenny, L., Hattersley, C., Molins, B., Buckley, C., Povey, C., & Pellicano, E. (2016). Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community. Autism, 20(4), 442-462.

4. Pellicano, E. (2013). Autism: A critical introduction to psychological theory and research. New York, NY: Routledge.

5. Silberman, S. (2015). NeuroTribes: The legacy of autism and the future of neurodiversity. New York, NY: Avery.